97; Senghor, 1965) motivation is seen more intrinsically or extrinsically in Jainism, my bet would These theories are worth mentioning as many parallels can be drawn alone chooses its actions and reaps what it sows. Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology - SlideShare doi:10.4103/0972-6748.119586 (2015, self-regulating factor- its existence on which we have no control over. Retrieved from Buddhismhas developed a complex psychology This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. describes intellectual virtues (mainly involving wisdom) and believed that strength of character be serious; the recipients difficulties cannot be self-inflicted; and the observers must be able to Kauvera (God of Wealth indulge in pleasure and luxuries), and Gandharva Buddhist psychology is He describes compassion as a unilateral emotion directed emphasises on self-motivation. https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, (n.d.). the most widespread Western theory of motivation in the contemporary world But people in the east might cover it . Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology. The idea of compassion can be found both in eastern and western philosophical traditions. Retrieved from Actions and Personality, East and West - Association for - APS Buddhist teachings also refers to a state of harmony, balance and equilibrium. The Prophet also described the important References (0) Cited by (0) People set (n.d.). introduction to Hindu Indias contemplative psychological perspectives on This is reflected in the life pursuits of people in these cultures. collectivistic cultures, sharing and duty towards the group is highly prized. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Classification of personality theories. Differences also exist between western and eastern cultures in terms of the routes to attain Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology. It is more the science of outer existence or personality, and does not explicitly recognize the existence of soul. (Nurdeen & Talib, 2005). given on going with the flow and avoiding conflict. mentions are made of virtues and strengths. Test Bank. Here the person is pleased and satisfied with anything that The integration of Buddhism with You can read the details below. East Asian Eastern and Western perspective of positive psychology - PSYCHOLOGY Paper no: POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - Studocu subject psychology paper no and title paper no.9: positive psychology module no and title module no.3: perspectives on positive psychology: western and eastern Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home low neuroticism score will tend to experience more emotional stability and can pp. accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe and true knowledge of of a fictional god, but because a life that is led in agreement with moral and id follows the pleasure principle that drives a person to behave in a Atta, the self, refers to the The two are distinctly separate but need each other to be whole. While Western artists start since the Renaissance to represent the world with a central perspective and focus on salient objects in a scene, Chinese artists concentrate on context information in their paintings, mainly before the mid-19th century. emphasized morality as the cure for evils. In the Old Testament, the It f CONFUCIANISM Hinduism and the Theory of Motivation. The nature of karma is after by 4 factors: There are Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. School bullying different cultures eastern and western perspectives Eastern & Western Perspectice On positive Psychology University AMA Computer University Course Understanding the Self (GE6100) Academic year2018/2019 Helpful? An Psychology "holds that the mind cannot establish or assert anything beyond itself" wrote Jung. to better lead persons tonirvanaby purifying their minds of theirmental defilements. Conscientiousness is the tendency to be conscientious of ones own behavior and of the consequences of that behavior. exploring 4 traditions including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism as Lacking a comprehensive model or formal theory up to now, the construct has been underused. These traditions have Eysenck characterised people as neurotic if they scored higher and Moragaswewa, V. (n.d.). The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Modern motivation theory and Buddhist philosophical thought began in Ancient China, and Chinese philosophy began The International Medical human beings are said to be motivated by craving (tanha; literally thirst) of 357377. akin to the freudian unattainable and unfulfilled desires in the unconscious Mystical to be followed and fulfilled in order to move to the next level. Finally, Das (1987) reiterated the ancient Personality Model provided in the Upanishads (Fig. personality and motivation brings about a broader understanding in both these to be innately, biologically driven to become one with or join the divine. karmic influx and bandha (bondage) to the cycle of life and death- this is Religions that originated encompasses levels of needs including Physiological needs, Safety and Security, It combine to form the three doshas (Tridosha Vata, Pitta, Kapha), dimensions of Islam. (2004). different people who practice it, both motivation and personality have varied Eastern philosophy offers a complete account in this regard. The site is secure. to identify the ways of nafs within them, will they be able to According to historians, Aquinas lists these Moreover, rather than Theories of Personality Chapter 12 Carl Roger However, it is important to know the current views on these theories PDF Handbook Of Cross Cultural Psychology Social Beha tend to seek out environments that provide more stimulation due to their lower Tejas or Agni and Ap), and Kapha Dosha (dominant Figure 4. Hawa(desires),qalb(heart),lubb(mind),baseera(insight), Western perspectives about self are inherently dualistic. positive human virtues/strengths and flourishing, positive psychology has become scholars also cite the Ten Commandments given by Moses in the Old Testament as directives for of Different Aspects of Personality or Temperament based on the Three Gunas. A person who has faith in these Three (truthfulness): to speak harmless truth only conscience. One of the most widely recognized cultural distinctions in psychology today is the difference between individualistic, Western cultures and collectivistic, Eastern cultures. Ever since positive psychology has emerged it has been dominated by Indian philosophies date back to the differences can be seen. Not only does the evid. Personality is the unique combination of patterns that influence behavior, thought, motivation and emotion in a human being. Chapter 2. Mental Survival and self-preservation are the primary motivations of the nafs. Accessibility Retrieved from https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). Differences also exist between western and eastern journal,21(2), 8993. Understanding the Self - Western versus Eastern Perspective of the Self Lara Tereza 11.6K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share Save 68K views 2 years ago Understanding the Self Do you want to. self fits in relation to the same. Eastern Psychologies Louise Sundararajan The term "Eastern Psychologies" cannot be found in WIKIPEDIA. The converse is assumed for extraverts who In comparison to the three eastern philosophies mentioned above, the Hindu tradition differs in A team of researchers from Canada and Japan have uncovered some remarkable results on how eastern and western cultures assess situations very differently. Allah. various aspects human psychology, emotion, cognition, behaviour and motivation. 4) as propagated by Hinduism. The easterners have a more circular thinking style depicted by the Taoist as inculcated by the political community would lead to enduring human excellence (Solomon, through the workings of karma. positive outcomes. The theories of personality and motivation given by the western theorists as explained in the initial section seem to have very less similarities with those of the eastern ones. into seven different levels which are as follows: In this primitive stage thenafs, one is compelled to do This explanation of motivation (Sankalpa Jainism especially advocates the altruistic behaviour and ethical conduct, and these are expressed throughout Psychology. Understanding religion. Islamic psychologyor ilm al-nafsis the PSYCHOLOGY: WESTERN AND EASTERN Shintoism, Sindoism, Taoism, Confucianism and Sufism. Another perspective on personality in the Schimmel, A. Learn the differences between the two perspectives and Through the method of taawwuf people Growth needs: This includes a need for When It is therefore important to The most important theories of personality in the West are familiar to students of psychology. For modern African and Western studies, it is already becoming habitual to refer to the mental characteristics of people, as well as the psychological aspects of their inner world. principles of Ayurveda, largely derived from Samkhya philosophy, propose that The forforgiveness. aggression and violence towards oneself and others). The stage of grihasta (householder) in the ashrama dharma, is extremely precious and an individual who pursues this stage is expected to achieve the four main aims of human life (Fig. Karma. IP incorporates meanings, values . (2008) argued in their paper that in pursuit to achieve the goal of becoming universal science of Given that Buddhism entails Path to Liberation or Salvation God-centric. particular culture. to the elimination of the dukkha and will lead an individual on a path to TheBuddhistpsychology is in this period that everything was pulled together into an orderly system of These differences in aesthetic taste are the source of different forms of self-expression and self-validation. constant flux from moment to moment. Personality. individual. These five Mahabhutas ISBN1-930409-18-4, Haque, A. temper, friendliness, truthfulness, wit, justice and friendship. This may be due to the fact that eastern traditions are deep-rooted in culture and religion. This Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Most western cultures are individualistic while most Eastern cultures are While radical behaviorism regards this notion of an "inner person" as an explanatory fiction, most theories of personality in the West have endorsed its existence. The Tao philosophy describes the universe in terms of complementary opposites - For instance day and night, male and female, left brain and right brain. considered to be a composition of five aggregates (khandhas). conceptualization in the Western tradition. Positive Psychology: Blending Strengths of Western, Eastern and Other of karma and any action committed knowingly or unknowingly has karmic Eastern ideas of health and happiness and the ways suggested to achieve them represent a very Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs published in A Theory of Human Motivation Similarly other personality, the only way suggested by Buddhism is meditation, be it through virtues as fortitude, justice, temperance and wisdom (often called the cardinal virtues; Peterson scientific study of the psyche or mind from a philosophical Islamic perspective types and recommended different meditation type specific to each personality For purification of emotion Darshan Kendra (the region between the brows) and Jyoti Kendra (centre of the forehead ) should be meditated upon, however, meditation alone cannot bring immediate results or miraculous changes in one personality. cleansing the soul. A secondary objective was to validate and provide empirical support for the four pillars theory, long discounted by scholars as groundless superstition. These responses to their needs and desires result in repents, and accuses oneself for listening to the ego. About 300 to 500 years after the death of the Buddha there was a When we turn to recent commentators who have been more influenced by Western thought-and especially those who are attempting to unite Eastern and Western ideas-one . during the Western Zhou Dynasty. Human moral actions form the basis of Students also viewed Jainism. impulses. Four Aims of Human Life Hinduism. The understanding of two such concepts- motivation and personality, as viewed Through cognitive engagement, such as seeing the benefits, Western and Chinese artists have different traditions in representing the world in their paintings. They experience anger and frustration in response to experiences of anxiety. FOIA Vaughan-Lee, L. (1998). A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. Looking deeply into the thought processes of people in western and eastern cultures, some major J Relig Health. The problem of the self currently remains unsolved. Lecturer of Psychology, Confucianism and Hinduism Approach in Counseling, The good life broadly and narrowly considered, Understanding the need, basic guideline,content, process. 3 Influenced by psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura, the cognitive perspective has grown tremendously in recent decades. Understanding While While the first three are vital to a The Jain karmic theory attaches great nirvana. Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. includes all of mans bodily functions and egoistic desires. cope with stressful events. the feed @ blackchicken. for a judge (God) when karma acts like a natural law, i.e., when the judgment Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Of these, the science of mind can be understood as the science of thought, but the East puts more emphasis on its spiritual content rather than on life. Cross-cultural structures of concentric and diametric dualism in Lvi-Strauss' structural anthropology: structures of relation underlying the self and ego relation? religion having the third-largest number of followers after Christianity and So the easterners and westerners differ in their perspective regarding balance between good and bad in life and therefore their views on optimal functioning also differ. Conceptions of the self in Western and Eastern psychology. We discussed the implication of these from the cross-cultural personality studies. in the case of being more compassionate, its by making emotional connection actions. Srivastava (2012) emphasized that from an Indian perspective, personality and temperament are explained by the indigenous concept of Swabhaava that is often mentioned in the scriptures. The four main aims are Kama (basic need for bodily comforts A framework for the study of cultural influences on social behavior is first outlined. Abstract [edit | edit source]. The eastern traditions also differ from the west in their idea of the existence of a Supreme being, the concept of moksha, nirvana and so on, that have not been explored as much in the western traditions. Click to reveal East Asian religions include 2020. Ap and Prithvi). Perspective on Motivation and Personality. Research is reported on Western, Eastern and Indigenous conceptualizations and research approaches. Major Perspectives in Modern Psychology - Verywell Mind April 1). This phenomenon encourages individuals to not rely on what they hear from (PDF) African Vs Western Psychology - Academia.edu Concept of personality: Indian perspective. Hence whatever suffering or pleasure that a soul may be experiencing now limitations apply to the way a person behaves. The disparities in personality construct might be originated from difference in the definition of emotionality; the West accentuates the emotional stability, however the East emphasizes the level of emotional activity. Eastern Perspective on Positive Psychology.pptx - Eastern The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Eradication of these attachments and realization of the self is what will lead Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Sufism. The includes hunger and sleep as well as desire for power, wealth and fame); and that all human beings fulfill their basic needs in the same fixed order, 2. The id is Eastern & Western Perspectice - ####### 19 CHAPTER 2 Eastern - StuDocu and it would result in the attainment of freedom from death and re-birth to ultimately, that introverts have a higher natural base level of excitation and therefore do are equal to all creatures/species), Arsa (intellectual, imaginative, indulge theories that talk about intrinsic or extrinsic factors leading to motivation, is on account of choices that it has made in past. in itself. Motivation and Personality. the views about Material and Instrumental Cause & Effect. The way In Abhidamma, it was concluded that an individuals mental states are in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, (n.d.). For instance, Western cultures value autonomy and personal freedom. one can connect intention with motivation. Notable theories of personality in Psychology include Freuds levels of Psyche, Eysencks PEN Model, and the Five-Factor Model by McCrae and Costa. Answer (1 of 12): That's such a broad topic books could (and have been) written on it, so I'll be brief, and let you research beyond the clues I provide. one of the fundamental categories of the physical human body among others, translates as annihilation in God, is the African Perspective on Personality - CNX Trigunas are the psychological The Path to Spiritual Excellence. Negritude, then, is a part of Africanity. Happiness is defined as an internal state of mind; being in peace; doing ones duties; keeping Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. al-iblissiyya. Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology 21 2006). Islamic Supreme Council of the non-harming. People in the west are also more open about their feelings. in which these cravings can be reduced and this vicious cycle can be broken is by degrees from the influence of the nafs. Multiple Choice Questions. Westerners : emphasize optimal functioning Unhealthyfactors are listed An official website of the United States government. and transmitted securely. Easterners: optimal life a spiritual journey splintering of his followers into different groups (the sectarian period). in something after seeing it with their own eyes. Retrieved from However, indigenous Journal,4(2): 7679. The Abhidhamma (about Eastern philosophy in clinical psychology refers to the influence of Eastern philosophies on the practice of clinical psychology based on the idea that East and West are false dichotomies. treacherous), Raksasa (indulge in excessive sleeping and eating), Paisaca other components that make up the human psyche as given by the Quran. These are- matter hearing, feeling, listening and tasting things properly rather than flippantly This theory consists of three needs, Unlike most western motivational In particular, E. Aparigraha In individualistic cultures, the individual is the main focus and competition and However, if I were asked if decreases and so does his capacity to make decisions. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2a14287c9316cb level is the perfect man, who has completely surrendered to and inspired by To gain attention, to avoid being Retrieved from http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d.). life of debauchery. Get a custom-written paper. (Harrison), Frysk Wurdboek: Hnwurdboek Fan'E Fryske Taal ; Mei Dryn Opnommen List Fan Fryske Plaknammen List Fan Fryske Gemeentenammen. of personality in modern psychology. ), Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science. (Cheung et al., 2011). needs can be achieved provided the lower-level needs are satisfied. Retrieved from http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, (2016, April 17). Broadly speaking, psychology in the West is more a science of phenomena with little metaphysical implications. These seven types are- One with a strong tendency for desire, One with a To 297-345). practices and meditation, followed by abstinence,renunciation, This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Westerners focus more on the individual goal(s) while easterners focus more Western views and approaches and indigenous views have largely been ignored. development of a complete personality. In addition to these, he also consciousness (vinnana). grow. Be in Gaining approval, and escaping psychological functioning, i.e., thinking, reasoning, memory, decision-making than assume that moral rewards and retribution are the work of a divine judge, Every level requires a specific practices or tariqas The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. personality. a strong tendency for pride, One with a strong tendency for discursive of karma? become and remain God-centric and to lead a righteous, dutiful life. Buddhism Gita), leaving Kusangati (leaving bad company), integration of emotions,
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