Camp Douglas originally served as a training facility for Illinois regiments, but was later converted to a prison camp. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. False history marginalizes African Americans and makes us all dumber", Point Lookout History, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, "TimesMachine April 15, 1865 - New York Times", "Lee-Jackson Memorial" Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog, "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight", www.waymarking.com Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland, "As Confederate symbols come down, 'Talbot Boys' endures", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Maryland, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time.[56]. Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity. Not every experience behind camp walls was the same, however. The city was in panic. On September 17, 1861, the first day of the Maryland legislature's new session, fully one third of the members of the Maryland General Assembly were arrested, due to federal concerns that the Assembly "would aid the anticipated rebel invasion and would attempt to take the state out of the Union. Web1 Antietam National Battlefield 2 Monocacy National Battlefield 3 National Museum of [citation needed]. In July 1864 the Battle of Monocacy was fought near Frederick, Maryland as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. 1864. [66], Lee's setback at the Battle of Antietam can also be seen as a turning point in that it may have dissuaded the governments of France and Great Britain from recognizing the Confederacy, doubting the South's ability to maintain and win the war.[67]. Spoiler alert:Washingtondidnt fall. Civil War veterans did it differently. World War II was raging 3,000 miles away. [75] Those voting at their usual polling places were opposed to the Constitution by 29,536 to 27,541. It will bust some 150 year old myths, such as Civil War soldiers being awake and biting on bullets during surgery. However, a number of leading citizens, including physician and slaveholder Richard Sprigg Steuart, placed considerable pressure on Governor Hicks to summon the state Legislature to vote on secession, following Hicks to Annapolis with a number of fellow citizens: to insist on his [Hicks] issuing his proclamation for the Legislature to convene, believing that this body (and not himself and his party) should decide the fate of our stateif the Governor and his party continued to refuse this demand that it would be necessary to depose him. The single bloodiest day of combat in American military history occurred during the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Maryland Campaign, just north above the Potomac River near Sharpsburg in Washington County, at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. Because of this previous imprisonment, they were weaker and more susceptible to the harsh conditions and communicable diseases that flourished at Florence Stockade. Prisoner of War Camps He goes about from place to place, sometimes staying in one county, sometimes in another and then passing a few days in the city. as the first southern city occupied by the Union Army. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) Maryland in the American Civil War - Wikipedia [74] The new constitution emancipated the state's slaves (who had not been freed by President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation), disenfranchised southern sympathizers, and re-apportioned the General Assembly based upon white inhabitants. The lack of substantial and adequate shelter compounded the prisoners' plight on Belle Isle and increased the amount of death and suffering brought on by disease and exposure. The rebellious States are to be brought back to their places in the Union, without change or diminution of their constitutional rights.[73]. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. Although tactically inconclusive, the Battle of Antietam is considered a strategic Union victory and an important turning point of the war, because it forced the end of Lee's invasion of the North, and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect on January 1, 1863. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. McCausland had the city burned down. [52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. While Union forces were able to gain control of the mountain, they could not stop Lee from regrouping and setting the [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. Many Marylanders were simply pragmatic, recognizing that the state's long border with the Union state of Pennsylvania would be almost impossible to defend in the event of war. Most prisoners had already been imprisoned in Andersonville. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. Visitors marvel at the courage of Stuart and his men to cross the mile-wide river, filled with rocks, rapids, and whirlpools. The abolition of slavery in Maryland preceded the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution outlawing slavery throughout the United States and did not come into effect until December 6, 1865. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book Send for the Doctor, is available as a first person portrayal of Dr. Stonestreet or as a PowerPoint slide show. "Start-up nation? WebSeal of Maryland during the war. Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info Mailing Address: South Mountain WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) This reenactment portrays the nurse professions early challenges, its rewards and sadness, and a glimpse of other nurses whose names are known to us through their journals. Fearing that Union forces could cause a jailbreak at Andersonville, a new Union POW camp was established in Florence, South Carolina. Elmira Prison, also known as "Hellmira," opened in July of 1864. In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. Maryland in the American Civil War Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with Yes No An official form of the United States government. Lastly, Stuarts army captured and controlled a large Union wagon train laden with supplies, which became a significant impediment to Stuarts expeditious travel onward to Pennsylvania. [citation needed], Thousands of Union troops were stationed in Charles County, and the Federal Government established a large, unsheltered prison camp at Point Lookout at Maryland's southern tip in St. Mary's County between the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay, where thousands of Confederates were kept, often in harsh conditions. WebDuring the Civil War, Baltimore had 44 forts, batteries, redoubts, and armed camps, and about 20 unarmed camps (hospitals, POW, etc.) [45], The 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment was officially formed on June 16, 1861, and, on June 25, two additional companies joined the regiment in Winchester. William Penn was the largest Civil War camp for the training of officers to lead African American troops. 51-52. [15] One of the men involved in this destruction would be arrested for it in May without recourse to habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman ruling. When prisoner exchanges were suspended in 1864, prison camps grew larger and more numerous. WebThe Heart of the Civil War Heritage Area is ideally positioned to serve as your "base camp" for driving the popular Civil War Trails and visiting the battlefields and sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. All Rights Reserved. Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. In the 14 months of its existence, 45,000 prisoners were received at Andersonville prison, and of these nearly 13,000 died. [59], On 6 September 1862 advancing Confederate soldiers entered Frederick, Maryland, the home of Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, who issued a proclamation calling upon his fellow Marylanders to join his colors. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. Rockville, Maryland in the Civil War Speaker: Eileen McGuckian, As a small county seat located at the intersection of major roads in a slave-holding border state close the nations capital, Rockville saw considerable action during the Civil War. Point Lookout We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War Reenactor: Candace Ridington. [37] The court objected that this disruption of its process was unconstitutional, but noted that it was powerless to enforce its prerogatives. WebThe Civil War Museum (currently closed) Schoolhouse Ridge Trails The 1862 Battle of Harpers Ferry Museum Maryland Heights Trail Bolivar Heights Trail Murphy-Chambers Farm Trail Last updated: July 24, 2019 Was this page helpful? In June 1863 General Lee's army again advanced north into Maryland, taking the war into Union territory for the second time. MCHS is supported by the Arts & Humanities Council of Montgomery County, the Maryland Historical Trust, Montgomery County Government and the City of Rockville. The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. [3] In all nine newspapers were shut down in Maryland by the federal government, and a dozen newspaper owners and editors like Howard were imprisoned without charges.[3]. In recent years, America has commemorated valor by erecting monuments to entire wars, such as the World War II and the Vietnam Veterans Memorials. [6] Not all blacks in Maryland were slaves. [62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. Merrick's fellow judges took up the case and ordered General Porter to appear before them, but Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward prevented the federal marshal from delivering the court order. [86] Democrats therefore re-branded themselves the "Democratic Conservative Party", and Republicans called themselves the "Union" party, in an attempt to distance themselves from their most radical elements during the war. Salisbury marks a prime example of the effects that overcrowding had on prison populations, especially given the stark contrast in its camp death rate. All along the East Coast blackout drills were preparing citizens against Hitlers Luftwaffe that were blitzing London. Captain Henry Wirz, commandant at Andersonville, was executed as a war criminal for not providing adequate supplies and shelter for the prisoners. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). Governor Thomas H. Hicks, despite his early sympathies for the South, helped prevent the state from seceding. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with The battle of Antietam, though tactically a draw, was strategically enough of a Union victory to give Lincoln the opportunity to issue, in September 1862, the Emancipation Proclamation. Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. After shooting the President, Booth galloped on his horse into Southern Maryland, where he was sheltered and helped by sympathetic residents and smuggled at night across the Potomac River into Virginia a week later. Index [antietamcamp3-suvcw.org] Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Point Lookout Prisoner of War Camp Prisoners relied upon their own ingenuity for constructing drafty and largely inadequate shelters consisting of sticks, blankets, and logs. Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[81] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. Jim Johnston unravels the historical mystery. Headings - Maryland--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps - Maryland Campaign, 1862--Maps - United States--Maryland Notes Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Your Brother in Arms, which offer a front-line soldiers view of some of the most crucial battles fought during the Civil War from Gettysburg to Petersburg. However, the issues raised by Andersonville were shared by many camps on both sides. Coming Soon!! This Civil War presentation will use a life-sized mannequin dressed as a wounded Civil War soldier to discuss and demonstrate some Civil War-era (1860s) battlefield medical procedures and techniques. that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. Real and reproduction Civil War-era medical instruments will be shown and used, along with a variety of Civil War-era bullets, Minie balls, grape shot, buck shot, clusters, and other slugs (all inert, safe, and with no gun powder) that created many of the battlefield wounds that the surgeons had to treat. In addition to Forts McHenry and Carroll, these included: Fort #1/2 (1864) at West Baltimore and Smallwood Streets. Some, like physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, remained in Maryland, offered covert support for the South, and refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union. Maryland Humanities Council (2001). During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. It did not affect Maryland. Maryland Maryland Group Votes To Remove Civil War Plaque From MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. Despite the controversy, there can be little doubt that Andersonville was the Civil War's most infamous and deadly prison camp. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). Maryland Salisbury University, 1991). To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. But on July 10, Confederate General Jubal Early rode intoRockvillewith 15,000 men headed for Washington D.C. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. The sirens whistled. In the depths of Georgia, they discovered that their hardships were far from over: "As we entered the place, a spectacle met our eyes that almost froze our blood with horrorbefore us were forms that had once been active and erectstalwart men, now nothing but mere walking skeletons, covered with filth and verminMany of our men exclaimed with earnestness, 'Can this be hell?'". [3][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[1]. 45-50 minutes. One prisoner in seven died, for a total of 4,200 deaths by 1865. Civil War Camp A follow up guided tour of the blockhouse and outpost campsite can also be arranged. It is located along the coast of Maryland only five feet above sea level, on approximately 30 acres of level land. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. Modern estimates place the total deaths close to 1,000 men, however, period assessments varied greatly. WebThe Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table is pleased to announce that its next Divided Nation, Divided Town: One Womans Experience Speaker: Emily Correll. When the writ was delivered to General Andrew Porter Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia he had both the lawyer delivering the writ and the United States Circuit Judge, Marylander William Matthew Merrick, who issued the writ, arrested to prevent them from proceeding in the case United States ex rel. See, e.g., C. R. Gibbs' Black, Copper, and Bright, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2002. [55] Later in 1861, Baltimore resident W W Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. WebThe American Civil War in Maryland's State Parks South Mountain Battlefield. [61], One of the bloodiest battles fought in the Civil war (and one of the most significant) was the Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, in which Marylanders fought with distinction for both armies. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. This is a PowerPoint lecture. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 5313 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. [12] Panicked by the situation, several soldiers fired into the mob, whether "accidentally", "in a desultory manner", or "by the command of the officers" is unclear. I have been researching The singular actions of Clara Barton, Julia Ward Howe, Sarah Josepha Hale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Tubman led to their prominence during the war, and launched them into successful public roles following the conflict. This is a common thread among camps over the course of the Civil War. WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of Join Our Email List Maryland had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment on February 3, 1865, within three days of it being submitted to the states. Civil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. ContactMatthew Gagleor call 301-340-2825. There were simply too many prisoners and not enough food, clothing, medicine, or tents to go around. maryland camp | Emerging Civil War The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. Civil War [84] Easton, Maryland also has a Confederate monument. "Through Storm and Sunshine": Valorous Vivandires in the Civil War, Point Lookout State Park and Civil War Museum. Major William Goldsborough, whose memoir The Maryland Line in the Confederate Army chronicled the story of the rebel Marylanders, wrote of the battle: nearly all recognized old friends and acquaintances, whom they greeted cordially, and divided with them the rations which had just changed hands. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). Upon inspecting the camp, the U.S Sanitary Commission reported that the the amount of standing water, of unpoliced grounds, of foul sinks, of general disorder, of soil reeking with miasmic accretions, of rotten bones and emptying of camp kettles..was enough to drive a sanitarian mad." The presentation shows the work by blacks and white alike to aid and save enslaved people. On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. Others suffered from harsh living conditions, severely cramped living quarters, outbreaks of disease, and sadistic treatment from guards and commandants. However, as the war progressed, the conditions at Salisbury plummeted. I don't want to issue a document the whole world will see must be inoperative, like the Pope's Bull against a comet. [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. [9], After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, many citizens began forming local militias, determined to prevent a future slave uprising. Maryland Civil War While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. Civil War - Maryland Department of Natural Resources They built numerous campgrounds on this inhospitable mountain that lacked water, level ground, or adequate sanitation conditions. Civil War Prison Camps | American Battlefield Trust The Man Who (Almost) Conquered Washington: Gen. John McCauslandSpeaker: James H. Johnston. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. This program lasts about 45 to 50 minutes, is suitable for adults and young adults, and could be used in classrooms. Confederate Prisoners of War Stuarts Wild Ride Through Montgomery CountySpeaker: Robert Plumb. Four soldiers and twelve civilians were killed in the riot. Losses were extremely heavy on both sides; The Union suffered 12,401 casualties with 2,108 dead. In March 1862, the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! [26], Butler went on to occupy Baltimore and declared martial law, ostensibly to prevent secession, although Maryland had voted solidly (5313) against secession two weeks earlier,[27] but more immediately to allow war to be made on the South without hindrance from the state of Maryland,[25] which had also voted to close its rail lines to Northern troops, so as to avoid involvement in a war against its southern neighbors. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. After the April 19 rioting, skirmishes continued in Baltimore for the next month.
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